Module 2: Smoke Contamination

Most things in our homes—like furniture and electronics—are made of petroleum-based products, heavy metals, and strong adhesives. When a fire occurs, it doesn't just burn wood; it breaks down these modern materials, turning them into a toxic mix of chemicals and dust. Some things to keep in mind:

  • Stable vs. Dangerous: These toxins are safe when the item is whole, but fire, smoke, and water release them into your environment.

  • Chemical Buildup: Smoke and ash deposit harmful particles and chemicals (like benzene) onto your floors, walls, and furniture.

  • Long-Term Release: These chemicals can continue to leak into the air for weeks after the fire, though the levels will slowly drop over time.

  • Impact Levels: The more severe the smoke damage, the higher the concentration of chemicals will be inside the home.

Why smoke can be toxic

How to test for smoke, soot, and ash contamination

 If you are in a situation where your home has not been totally consumed by a fire but you were still impacted by smoke, soot, and ash, you need a plan to ensure it is cleaned properly. This guide explains how to handle testing and your insurance claim.

Step 1: Test Before You Clean

It is vital to test your home before any cleaning begins.

  • Create a Baseline: Testing early gives you a "before" snapshot of the damage.

  • Hold Companies Accountable: You can use these initial results to prove whether a restoration company actually cleaned the home well enough later on.

Step 2: Hire an Expert

Because there is no official standard for smoke and soot testing, you must rely on professional expertise.

  • Hire an Industrial Hygienist: Look for a professional with specific experience in post-fire environments.

  • Ask for Referrals: Since professional judgment is key, ask for recommendations to find someone trustworthy.

Step 3: Dealing with Insurance

Insurance companies often hesitate to pay for smoke, soot, and ash testing, but you should not give up.

  • Be Persistent: You will likely need to push your insurance company multiple times to get this covered.

  • Prioritize Your Health: Proper cleaning is a health necessity, especially for households with children, seniors, or those with existing health conditions.